Chapter 16 SQL Data Manipulation Language
The SQL data manipulation language (DML) is used to query and modify database data. In this chapter, we will describe how to use the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE SQL DML…
Chapter 15 SQL Structured Query Language
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a database language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system. SQL was initially developed by IBM in the early 1970s (Date 1986).…
About the Authors
Primary Author: Adrienne Watt Adrienne Watt holds a computer systems diploma (BCIT), a bachelor's degree in technology (BCIT) and a master’s degree in business administration (City University). Since 1989, Adrienne…
Appendix B Sample ERD Exercises
Exercise 1 Manufacturer A manufacturing company produces products. The following product information is stored: product name, product ID and quantity on hand. These products are made up of many components.…
Appendix A University Registration Data Model Example
Here is a statement of the data requirements for a product to support the registration of and provide help to students of a fictitious e-learning university. An e-learning university needs…
Chapter 14 Database Users
End Users End users are the people whose jobs require access to a database for querying, updating and generating reports. Application user The application user is someone who accesses an…
Chapter 13 Database Development Process
A core aspect of software engineering is the subdivision of the development process into a series of phases, or steps, each of which focuses on one aspect of the development.…
Chapter 12 Normalization
Normalization should be part of the database design process. However, it is difficult to separate the normalization process from the ER modelling process so the two techniques should be used…
Chapter 11 Functional Dependencies
A functional dependency (FD) is a relationship between two attributes, typically between the PK and other non-key attributes within a table. For any relation R, attribute Y is functionally dependent on…
Chapter 9 Integrity Rules and Constraints
Constraints are a very important feature in a relational model. In fact, the relational model supports the well-defined theory of constraints on attributes or tables. Constraints are useful because they…